Researchers have designed a specialized catheter for fixing holes in the heart using a biodegradable adhesive and patch. Teams from Boston Children's Hospital, the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the Karp Lab at Brigham and Women's Hospital report in Science Translational Medicine that the catheter has been used successfully in animal studies to facilitate hole closure without the need for open heart surgery.
Pedro delNido, MD, Chief of Cardiac Surgery at Boston Children's and contributing author on the study, says the device represents a radical change in the way these kinds of cardiac defects are repaired. "In addition to avoiding open heart surgery, this method avoids suturing into the heart tissue, because we're just gluing something to it."
Catheterizations are preferable to open heart surgery because they don't require stopping the heart, putting the patient on bypass, and cutting into the heart. The Heart Center at Boston Children's is committed to pursuing the least invasive methods possible to correct heart defects, which are among the most common congenital defects.
Last winter, the unique adhesive patch was published in Science Translational Medicine. This represented a large step forward in the quest to reduce complications associated with heart defect repair. While medical devices that remain in the body may be jostled out of place or fail to cover the hole as the body grows, the patch allows for heart tissue to create its own closure and then dissolves.
To truly realize the patch's potential, however, the Boston Children's/Wyss/SEAS/Brigham and Women's research team sought a way to deliver the patch without open heart surgery. Their newly designed catheter device utilizes UV light technology and can be used to place the patch in a beating heart.
The catheter is inserted through a vein in the neck or groin and directed to the defect within the heart. Once the catheter is in place, the clinician opens two positioning balloons: one around the front end of the catheter, passing through the hole, and one on the other side of the heart wall.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter's UV light. The light reflects off of the balloon's shiny interior and activates the patch's adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the positioning balloons on either side of the patch help secure it in place.
Finally, both balloons are deflated and the catheter is withdrawn. Over time, normal tissue growth resumes and heart tissue grows over the patch. The patch itself dissolves when it is no longer needed.
"This really is a completely new platform for closing wounds or holes anywhere in the body," says Conor Walsh, Ph.D., Wyss Institute Core Faculty member, Assistant Professor of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering at SEAS, founder of the Harvard Biodesign Lab at SEAS, and author on the paper. "The device is a minimally invasive way to deliver a patch and then activate it using UV light, all within a matter of five minutes and in an atraumatic way that doesn't require a separate incision."
SEAS/Wyss Institute's Ellen Roche, Ph.D., co-first author on the paper along with Boston Children's Assunta Fabozzo, M.D., adds that the device is designed to be customizable. For instance, the rate at which the patch biodegrades can be slowed or accelerated depending on how quickly the surrounding tissue grows over it. Further studies will reveal the appropriate lengths of time for different circumstances.
Jeff Karp, Ph.D., a bioengineer at Brigham and Women's Hospital and a co-founder of Gecko Biomedical, developed the glue product in his lab at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Gecko Biomedical will be testing the glue product in humans later this year.
"Our collaboration across hospitals and institutions to find new and minimally invasive applications for this glue in clinical settings is a great multi-disciplinary example," Karp said. "We are translating our discoveries in the lab into solutions for patients."
"The way the glue works in the face of blood is revolutionary. We don't have to stop the heart," says delNido. "This will enable a wide range of cardiac procedures in the future."